Burkina Faso’s economic growth remains stalled due to political instability, jihadist violence, and declining foreign investment, raising concerns across West Africa.
Burkina Faso’s Economy Under Strain as Political Crisis and Insecurity Persist
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso – Burkina Faso’s economy continues to face serious setbacks in 2025, as the nation grapples with prolonged political uncertainty and persistent insecurity across large parts of its territory.
According to recent data from the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), GDP growth in Burkina Faso has slowed to an estimated 1.9%—a significant drop compared to pre-coup levels. The decline is attributed largely to reduced agricultural output, disrupted trade routes, and declining investor confidence.
Impact of Political Instability
Since the military takeover in 2022 and the recent extension of the transitional period, Burkina Faso has seen a drop in international aid and investment. Foreign donors, including the European Union and the United States, have expressed concern over delays in returning to democratic rule.
Many foreign companies have either suspended operations or pulled out entirely, particularly in the mining sector, which is crucial to the country’s economy.
Mining Sector at Risk
Gold accounts for nearly 70% of Burkina Faso’s export earnings, but increased attacks on mining facilities by armed groups have made operations increasingly dangerous.
Despite this, the government has tried to encourage domestic partnerships and attract investors from non-traditional allies such as Russia, China, and Turkey.
Rural Communities and Agriculture Hit Hard
More than 80% of Burkina Faso’s population relies on subsistence farming, but displacement caused by jihadist violence has left vast agricultural areas abandoned. As food insecurity worsens, humanitarian organizations warn of a looming crisis.
The World Food Programme estimates that over 3 million people in Burkina Faso are currently facing acute food shortages.
Path Forward: Can Economic Recovery Happen Without Security?
Experts agree that no sustainable economic recovery can occur without a significant improvement in national security. While the government has increased military spending and sought new international security alliances, results have been limited so far.
A strong call is being made for inclusive national dialogue, regional cooperation, and a clear roadmap to elections that can restore investor and donor confidence.
Conclusion
Burkina Faso’s economic challenges are deeply linked to its political and security landscape. Without lasting stability, the country risks further economic decline, deepening poverty, and isolation from global markets.
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